Archaeological shoveling is a specialized technique used by archaeologists to carefully excavate sites and uncover artifacts while preserving the context and historical information. This process is essential for accurately documenting and interpreting the past. Here are the secrets to effective archaeological shoveling:
- Slow and Methodical: Archaeological shoveling is slow and deliberate. It involves removing thin layers of soil systematically to reveal artifacts and features without damaging them.
- Stratigraphy: Pay close attention to the layers or strata of soil. Each layer represents a different time period and can provide valuable chronological information.
- Tools: Use appropriate tools for different stages of excavation. Trowels, brushes, and hand picks are commonly used to gently remove soil without causing damage.
- Context Preservation: The context of artifacts (their position relative to each other and the surrounding soil) is crucial. Document the position, orientation, and associations of artifacts before removing them.
- Screening: Excavated soil is often screened to recover small artifacts or ecofacts that might have been missed during the initial excavation.
- Feature Recognition: Distinguish natural features (like rocks) from cultural features (such as walls or postholes) to avoid damaging important structures.
- Mapping and Photography: Continuously map and photograph the excavation area. These records are essential for creating accurate site plans and documentation.
- Datum Point: Establish a fixed point (datum) from which all measurements and coordinates are taken. This ensures accurate spatial recording.
- Recording: Keep detailed records of every step of the excavation process, including photographs, sketches, measurements, and notes.
- Consultation: Work closely with archaeologists, conservators, and experts to ensure proper handling of delicate or valuable artifacts.
- Cleaning Techniques: Develop techniques for cleaning artifacts without causing damage. Brushes, water, and other gentle cleaning methods may be used.
- Documentation: Properly label and document each artifact with a unique identification number and information about its context.
- Communication: Communicate with your team to ensure everyone understands the excavation plan, safety protocols, and preservation goals.
- Environmental Factors: Be aware of weather conditions that might affect the excavation process. Rain or wind, for example, can disturb delicate layers.
- Adaptability: Be prepared to adapt your techniques based on the conditions you encounter. Each archaeological site is unique.
- Ethical Considerations: Approach the excavation with a sense of responsibility toward the preservation of cultural heritage. Respect the communities associated with the site.
Remember that archaeological shoveling is a skill that requires training and experience. If you’re not a trained archaeologist, it’s best to observe and assist professionals to learn the correct techniques and principles.
